
Ladies and Gentlemen,
You have seen in the short movie how Mrs Fleischer, Darfur Coordinator of the UN World Food Programme WFP, explains some of the problems WFP is confronted with in its world’s biggest aid programme.
Darfur is located in the west of the Sudan, has three states and the size of France. This huge territory in the eastern Sahel zone is subject to a terrible civil war since more then 5 years.
The Darfur conflict started in 2003.
Decades of drought and the, therefore, advancing desert limited the living space of the people in Darfur, slowly but surely. Nomads had to move further south to find water for their animals. As this happened, they occupied more and more land used by the farmers. This led to fights between the nomads and the farmers.
On top of that, the Darfuri felt neglected by the central government in Khartoum. And so, in 2003, the first fights started between the rebel Sudanese Liberation Army, the Sudanese Armed Forces and militias, the so-called Janjaweed.
This was the beginning of an insupportable climax of violence. The population was chased from their villages, the villages were burnt and destroyed. Women were raped. Men, women and children were killed. UN estimates that, since the start of the conflict, 200'000 to 300'000 people died and 2.5 million were displaced.
The people lost everything, their houses, their animals, their land. They had no more access to water and medical care. They could not farm their lands anymore. Trade was limited and mortality rates of the population were rising. Even the Darfuri which had not been displaced had to fight for survival.
Around 240'000 people fled to neighbouring Chad. But most of them settled in Internally Displaced People (IDP) camps and depend since then on humanitarian aid.
The international community reacted swiftly and a big number of aid organisations started to relief the population of Darfur. This is also the case of WFP.
The main task of WFP can be expressed with 2 words: „Safe lives“. WFP is distributing food to the IDP and to the civil population, suffering from the conflict. In addition, it has specific programmes for malnurished children. In the very few areas where security permits, it also feeds school children with the School Feeding Porgramme.
The number of beneficiaries changes continously. The security situation and the harvest results are the main factors for this change. As an average, between 30'000 and 40'000 tons of food per month are distributed to 2.2 million people. Many trucks are needed to transport this food and if you would put them all together, it would make a convoy of about 40 kilometers.

To master this huge programme, WFP is working with partners, international and national non-governmental organsations (NGO). They receive the food from WFP – Cereals, pulses, corn soya blend CSB, cooking oil, salt and sugar – and distribute it to the beneficiaries. Around 18 kilos per person and per month.
The necessary means to cover the needs of the population in Darfur are huge. Not only money, but also people who on the spot are helping. To contribute to this still world’s biggest humanitarian crisis, the Swiss Government, through its agency SDC, has supported WFP, since the beginning of the Darfur crisis, with financial contributions and experts.
In this context, I was seconded in 2004 as an SDC expert to WFP. My mission, initially foreseen for 6 month, lasted 4 years. During 2 years I was, as head of a field office, responsible for the food security of more than 300'000 people.
Our office’s duty, among others, was to supervise the food distribution by our partners. At the beginning, this was relatively easy as we could move from camp to camp by road. But then, the security situation became worse and worse and finally, we only could travel by helicopter from locality to locality, which limited our movements tremendously.
In my daily work I started to notice possibilities of improving the operation and I reported this. So, after 2 years I was integrated in the Programme Unit of the Regional WFP office in Nyala, South Darfur, to develop the cooperation with our partners. Basically, it was to improve and strenghten the partnership between WFP and the NGO. I assisted them to analyse exactly the needs of the population and to adjust the food quantities.
Trainings had to be conducted where the camp population was instructed on how to distribute the food themselves, in the event of the partners inability to go to the camps because of security reasons.
It was quite a challenge. I had numerous discussions with our partners on cost saving and improvement potentials, with government agencies on the number of beneficiaries and with the camp populations about unjustified demands.
I learned that it was the highest priority to build, in a lenghty but mandatory process, a relation of mutual trust with all stakeholders.
Only like that it is possible to work efficiently, meaning to distribute food quickly, to the right people and to reduce the costs to a minimum.
Living conditions for expatriates are not always easy. For 4 years, I lived in a 20 foot container. Curfew from 8 pm to 6 am did not permit to go out. I spent long evenings having discussions with my colleagues. A very poor internet connection permitted to stay in contact with the outside world.
Is there any hope for Darfur? I don’t know.....
The developments of the last weeks make me doubt. At the beginning of this month, the Sudanese government ordered the closure and expulsion of 16 international and national NGO. Among them important partners of WFP.
Will the government of Sudan be able to fill the gap with local organisations? Or is this another set back for the people of Darfur, as in 2006 in Abuja?
In May 2006, the Darfur Peace Agreement was signed in the Nigerian capital city of Abuja. We had, at that time, high hopes that this would be the beginning of a durable peace in Darfur. These hopes did not materialise when it was clear that not all conflict parties had signed.
And so, our biggest wish remained unfulfilled. The wish for the people in Darfur to live and eat in peace.
Thank you for you attention.
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Speech held (in German) on 27.03.2009 at the annual convent of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC and Swiss Humanitarian Aid Unit SHA.